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1.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 61(5): 431-439, Sept.-Oct. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-766252

ABSTRACT

Summary Objective: this study analyzes the survival of prostate cancer patients cared for at a hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil according to one of the following treatments: iodine-125 seed implantation or radical prostatectomy. From January 2002 to December 2005, 129 patients underwent either brachytherapy (64 patients) or surgery (65 patients). Methods: all had prostate-specific antigen, Gleason scores and clinical stage recorded prior to treatment. Biochemical relapse was defined as prostate-specific antigen (PSA)>0.4ng/mL for radical prostatectomy, and any elevation equal or higher than 2ng/mL over the PSA nadir for implanted patients. To analyze the effect of treatment on biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS), Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression were generated. Mean follow-up time was 56.1 months for patients with the implant, and 26.6 months for those operated on. BRFS in 5 years was 69% (95% CI: 58.18-77.45) for the whole cohort. Discussion: when stratified according to treatment, survival of patients who had undergone brachytherapy (79.70%) was higher to those operated on (44.30%; pvalue= 0.0056). Upon multivariate analysis, independent predictors were iPSA (HR: 2.91, 95% CI: 1,32-6,42), Gleason score (HR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1,00-4,81) and treatment modality (HR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.18-5,75). Risk of biochemical failure was higher with surgery than brachytherapy, which may be related to the failure criteria adopted, which is different for each therapy, as well as the high rate of histological progression between preoperative prostate biopsy and surgical specimen. Conclusion: it was found that brachytherapy is a good therapeutic option for low risk prostate cancer.


Resumo Introdução: este estudo avaliou a sobrevida de portadores de câncer localizado de próstata assistidos em um hospital de Minas Gerais, segundo duas modalidades terapêuticas: implante de sementes iodo-125 e prostatectomia radical. A população estudada foi de 129 pacientes tratados no período de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2005 – 64 submetidos à braquiterapia e 65 à cirurgia. Métodos: todos obtiveram registro do antígeno prostático específico, escores de Gleason e estadiamento clínico anterior ao tratamento. A recidiva bioquímica foi definida como PSA > 0,4 ng/mL para prostatectomia radical, e qualquer elevação de 2 ng/mL ou mais a partir do PSA nadir para os pacientes implantados. Para análise do efeito do tratamento na sobrevida livre de recidiva bioquímica (SLRb), foram geradas curvas de Kaplan-Meier e foi efetuada regressão de Cox. O tempo mediano de seguimento foi de 56,1 meses para os implantados e de 26,6 meses para os operados. Discussão: a SLRb em 5 anos para toda coorte foi de 69% (IC95%:58,18-77,45), sendo superior para aqueles submetidos à braquiterapia (79,70%) em relação aos operados (44,30%; p-valor 0,0056). Na análise multivariada, os fatores preditores independentes foram iPSA (HR:2,91; IC95%:1,32-6,42), escore de Gleason (HR:2,18; IC95%:1,00- 4,81) e modalidade de tratamento (HR:2,61; IC95%:1,18- 5,75). O risco de falha bioquímica foi maior com a cirurgia, comparado à braquiterapia, o que pode estar relacionado ao elevado índice de progressão histológica entre biópsia prostática pré-operatória e peça cirúrgica, e pelo critério de falha adotado, distinto para cada terapêutica. Conclusão: foi possível constatar que a braquiterapia é uma boa opção terapêutica para o câncer de próstata de baixo risco.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brachytherapy/methods , Prostatectomy/methods , Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy , Cohort Studies , Disease-Free Survival , Follow-Up Studies , Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use , Neoplasm Grading , Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Risk Assessment , Survival Analysis
2.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 39(4): 558-564, Jul-Aug/2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-687304

ABSTRACT

Introduction and Objective Circumcision is one of the oldest surgical procedures and one of the most frequently performed worldwide. It can be done by many different techniques. This prospective series presents the results of Plastibell® circumcision in children older than 2 years of age, evaluating surgical duration, immediate and late complications, time for plastic device separation and factors associated with it. Materials and Methods We prospectively analyzed 119 children submitted to Plastic Device Circumcision with Plastibell® by only one surgeon from December 2009 to June 2011. In all cases the surgery was done under general anesthesia associated with dorsal penile nerve block. Before surgery length of the penis and latero-lateral diameter of the glans were measured. Surgical duration, time of Plastibell® separation and use of analgesic medication in the post-operative period were evaluated. Patients were followed on days 15, 45, 90 and 120 after surgery. Results Age at surgery varied from 2 to 12.5 (5.9 ± 2.9) years old. Mean surgical time was 3.7 ± 2.0 minutes (1.9 to 9 minutes). Time for plastic device separation ranged from 6 to 26 days (mean: 16 ± 4.2 days), being 14.8 days for children younger than 5 years of age and 17.4 days for those older than 5 years of age (p < 0.0001). The diameter of the Plastibell® does not interfered in separations time (p = 0,484). Late complications occurred in 32 (26.8%) subjects, being the great majority of low clinical significance, especially prepucial adherences, edema of the mucosa and discrete hypertrophy of the scar, all resolving with clinical treatment. One patient still using diaper had meatus stenosis and in one case the Plastibell® device stayed between the glans and the prepuce and needed to be removed manually. conclusions Circumcision using a plastic device is a safe, ...


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Circumcision, Male/instrumentation , Penis/surgery , Age Factors , Circumcision, Male/methods , Equipment Design/adverse effects , Operative Time , Organ Size , Postoperative Complications , Prospective Studies , Penis/anatomy & histology , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
3.
HU rev ; 36(2): 161-165, abr.-jun. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-567196

ABSTRACT

A pielonefrite enfisematosa é uma grave e rara infecção renal aguda, caracterizada por presença de ar no parênquima renal e tecidos circunvizinhos, levando a alterações sistêmicas importantes, mais comumente observadas em pacientes diabéticos, apresentando mortalidade significativa. Mudanças no manejo desta doença foram introduzidas ao longo dos anos estabelecendo uma nova abordagem terapêutica através, de técnicas menos invasivas, que resultaram em redução da morbidade e da mortalidade. Em concordância com as publicações mais recentes, alguns fatores prognósticos devem ser levados em consideração bem como o grau de extensão da lesão à tomografia computadorizada e a evolução clínica do paciente, objetivando o plano terapêutico mais adequado. O caso relatado expõe epidemiologia incomum (idade, sexo) em relação à apresentação típica da doença e mostra que a pielonefrite enfisematosa deve estar em mente como diagnóstico diferencial das infecções urinárias complicadas. Por fim, confirmamos que a abordagem conservadora, com tratamento através de antibioticoterapia e drenagem percutânea, é efetiva desde que observada criteriosamente a indicação terapêutica para cada caso.


The emphysematous pyelonephritis is a severe and rare acute renal infection, characterized by renal parenchyma and adjacent tissues air presence, inducing to important systemic complications, observed mainly in diabetic patients , bringing out significative mortality. Changes on the management of this disease had occurred over the years, turning possible a new therapeutic strategy using less invasive procedures wich resulted in a reduction of the morbity and mortality. According to the most recent publication some prognostic factors most be considered, as well as the extension of the lesions observed on the computerized tomography and clinical patient's evolution, to reach the best therapeutic strategy. This clinical case presents an uncommon epidemiology (age, sex) and show as the importance of keeping the emphysematous pyelonephritis as a possible diagnose in complicated urinary infection cases. Finally, was possible to conclude that conservative treatment using antibiotics and percutaneous drainage is effective once observed the appropriated therapy indication for each case.


Subject(s)
Pyelonephritis , Pyelonephritis/therapy , Bacterial Infections , Urinary Tract Infections , Urologic Diseases , Diabetes Mellitus
4.
J. bras. nefrol ; 31(4): 307-310, out.-dez. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-549917

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Cistite glandular é um processo proliferativo benigno e infrequente da mucosa vesical, caracterizado por proliferação do epitélio e, em alguns casos, formação de glândulas intestinais. Alterações metaplásticas na cistite glandular são bem documentadas na literatura, embora sua etiologia não seja totalmente esclarecida. Relato do caso: Relatamos um caso de cistite glandular em um paciente de 55 anos, apresentando sintomas miccionais irritativos e obstrutivos persistentes sem resposta à terapia com alfabloqueadores. Ultrassonografia evidenciou lesão vegetante no trígono vesical e o paciente foi submetido à ressecção endoscópica por duas vezes e evoluiu com ureterohidronefrose bilateral. Dado o extenso acometimento vesical e a persistência dos sintomas, o paciente foi submetido a cistoprostatectomia e neobexiga ileal com boa evolução pós-operatória. Discussão: Há duas formas de cistite glandular: típica e intestinal. A forma típica é a mais comum e a intestinal é marcada pela produção de mucina, mais frequentemente associada ao adenocarcinoma de bexiga. A maioria dos casos de cistite glandular é assintomática, sendo que os pacientes sitomáticos normalmente apresentam hematúria, sintomas urinários irritativos e típicos de cistite crônica. Há controvérsias sobre o tratamento precoce agressivo, sendo que vários estudos propõem a ressecção transuretral e o acompanhamento com biópsias.


Introduction: glandular cystitis is a benign proliferative process and infrequent mucosal bladder, characterized by proliferation of the epithelium and in some cases, formation of intestinal glands. Metaplásticas changes in glandular cystitis are well documented in the literature, although its etiology is not fully understood. Case report: A case of glandular cystitis in one patient of 55 years, with irritative and obstructive urinary symptoms persisted without response to therapy with alpha blockers. Ultrasonography revealed a vegetative lesion in the trigonal and the patient underwent endoscopic resection and twice progressed to bilateral ureterohidronefrose. Given the extensive bladder involvement and persistence of symptoms, the patient underwent ileal neobladder cistoprostatectomia and with good postoperative evolution. Discussion: There are two types of glandular cystitis: typical and intestinal tract. The typical form is the most common and is characterized by intestinal mucin production, most often associated with adenocarcinoma of the bladder. Most cases of glandular cystitis is asymptomatic, and patients usually present sitomáticos hematuria, urinary symptoms and typical of chronic cystitis. There is controversy over early aggressive treatment, and several studies suggest transurethral resection and follow-up biopsies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Cystitis/surgery , Cystitis/metabolism , Cystitis/pathology , Cystitis/therapy , Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction/diagnosis , Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction/etiology , Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction/pathology , Urologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Urologic Surgical Procedures
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